Essay about Pollution - 756 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Pollution has become a major issue over the years. It has caused death, disease, and many health problems. It is a major concern of our world today and not much is being done to prevent it. If not all, a lot of pollution is caused by humans. There are different types like industrial, agricultural, etc. Many people are realizing now the threat that pollution poses to humans. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are three main types of pollution. They are land, air, and water pollution. Land pollution deals with dumps or other harmful substances. Strip mining, digging, and irrigation are types of land pollution also. They aren’t as harmful to us but they scar and hurt the land. Landfills are a major source of†¦show more content†¦Air pollution occurs when pollutants are released into the air and cannot be taken out by its natural process. This upsets the balance of the atmospheres natural cycle. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are two types of air pollution: indoor and outdoor. Outdoor pollution is the most harmful. Most of it is caused by motor vehicles. Some air pollution also comes from business and industrial processes. For example, many dry cleaning plants remove dirt from clothing with a chemical called perchloroethylene, a hazardous air pollutant. The burning of garbage may discharge smoke and heavy metals, such as lead and mercury, into the atmosphere. Most heavy metals are highly poisonous. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of the most common types of outdoor air pollution is smog. Smog is a brown, hazy mixture of gases and particles. It develops when certain gases released by the combustion of gasoline and other petroleum products react with sunlight in the atmosphere. This reaction creates hundreds of harmful chemicals that make up smog. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Acid rain is another type of air pollution. It forms when the gases sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with water vapor in the air. These harmful gasses come from the burning of natural resources. Acid rain is involved in all three types of pollution. It harms plant growth and vegetation, kills marine life, andShow MoreRelatedPollution1059 Words   |  5 PagesJimmy miller Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment. It is a major problem in America and as well as the world. Pollution does not only damage the environment, but damages us also. It has cause many problems ranging from lung cancer to the greenhouse effect. There are many different types of pollution. There is air, water, and waste pollution just to name a few. It is all among us but we continue to live in our own filth. What is the reason behindRead MoreThe Pollution Of Water Pollution1474 Words   |  6 PagesSea Water Pollution I. Title Water pollution has many different meanings, in most cases it is when one or more material builds up in the water causing a problem for people and/ or animals. Water pollution is one of the world’s largest problems that we are facing today. Everyone in this world is affect by the earth’s water. Some are affected differently than others but we are still affected in one way or another. Water pollution doesn’t only threaten humans; it threatens plants and animals as wellRead MoreThe Pollution Of Air Pollution1199 Words   |  5 Pagesbodies’ health. Particulate pollutants are like the retroviruses of the world: well-rounded and dangerous. Air pollution is the largest ecological issue of our time because the contaminated air lingers all over the world constantly being augmented to, and further threatening the world and those who lives in it. As a state that is car-centric, California has been harassed by air pollution for decades. Even one of California’s most famous cities, Los Angeles, is known for the cloud of smog. NationalRead MoreThe Pollution Of The Air Pollution1679 Words   |  7 Pagespollutants, are causing harm all over the earth without people realizing it. Car pollution can cause disruption to human s health, the environment, and the cities in just a matter of time and in many different ways. The air pollution from cars contains various components that all can factor into harming humans health. According to The Environmental Protection Agency’s actions, they took away a key part of the pollution from gasoline:lead. This is a dangerous component of gas because it affectsRead MorePollution Context1192 Words   |  5 Pages | |Subject: Life Skills Grade: 3 | |Environmental theme: Pollution | |Learning outcomes: Personal and social well-being. The learner will |Assessment standards: Baseline, and formative Ask the learner to Read MoreGarbage Pollution1616 Words   |  7 PagesMy Assignment on Garbage Pollution Name: Adrian Stephenson Center #: 100152 Candidate’s: 100152075 Territory: Jamaica Proficiency: General Acknowledgement I would like to acknowledge all the persons who have helped me to complete this assignment. These persons are my mother and my social studies teacher. Introduction This school based assessment is based on garbage pollution. The area chosen for survey on garbage pollution is the community of august town. You will learn about the causes that contributeRead MoreThe Pollution Of China Air Pollution1473 Words   |  6 PagesAndrews Professor Williams English 120 4/30/2015 Air Pollution in China â€Å"Anyone s life truly lived consists of work, sunshine, exercise, soap, plenty of fresh air, and a happy contented spirit,† -Lillie Langtry(BrainyQuote); air is important part of life without we cannot live, yet the people in China breath in pollution air which is slowing killing their population. Most of us take the air we breathe for granted and never stop to thinkRead MoreHuman Pollution802 Words   |  4 PagesThe world is dying. The world is being overrun with human pollution. The most polluted parts are the parts nobody notices until they see trash floating upon waves and washing onto shores. The animals get tangled up and cannot escape from human filth. There is no escape for them. This is why people need to help prevent trash from getting into the oceans. Even if helping prevent trash from entering the ocean cost more money than allowing it to enter the water system, it will prevent ecosystems, environmentsRead MoreGlobal Pollution4546 Words   |  19 Pagesdiff erent forms of global pollution that may arise from a construction project and explain four key methods used to protect the natural environment against such pollutants Environmental Pollution Construction Sites Construction sites are found both within urban and rural areas, often in the close proximity of homes. Due to their proximity to homes and the materials used, construction sites may generate home pollution. This involves air, water, soil, and/or noise pollution. Additionally, constructionRead MoreLand Pollution3434 Words   |  14 Pagesng Cabuyao College of Business Administration and Accountancy Land Pollution LAND POLLUTION [pic] [pic] Land Pollution Land pollution is basically about contaminating the land surface of the earth through dumping urban waste matter indiscriminately, dumping of industrial waste, mineral exploitation, and misusing the soil by harmful agricultural practices. Pollution includes visible litter and waste along with the soil itself being polluted. The soil

Gender Differences Between Men And Women - 1058 Words

Gender differences between men and women Abstract Gender difference can be expressed in many ways. In our daily life, there are many phenomenon can be explained by gender difference. For example, man always like to pay attention to political news, but women focus on gossip news; Women like shopping very much but men never want to go shopping; for the same thing men and women will make different evaluations. These entire phenomenons are because of gender difference. How the gender difference show? Where is the gender differences mainly reflect? In this paper I’m going to make a careful study of gender difference between man and woman. â…  .Introduction From a biological point of view, humanity comprises two sexes, men and women. It is determined by a person’s sexual anatomy, chromosomes, and hormones. It’s inborn, the moment we have been born, we are judged as male or female according to the physiological characteristics. But gender difference is based on the concept of gender, which refers to socially defined differences between men and women. In the society, we are treated different because of different sex; we accept different education, grow up in different culture and so on. Then men and women will have many differences that are gender difference. Gender differences can reflect in different aspects, such as physiological, social behavior, communication, etc. I’m going to explore that gender difference are mainly reflected in what areas of life in this paper. â… ¡.GenderShow MoreRelatedGender Differences Between Men And Women1185 Words   |  5 Pagescontroversial and intriguing at the same time. This study approached the hypothesis of gender differences between men and women in spiritual well-being. The study used the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (Ellison, 1983) and assessed 75 college students in the survey. The study resulted in data that confirmed the hypothesis that men and women do not have any significant differences in spiritual well-being. â€Æ' Gender Differences in Spiritual Well-Being The examination of spiritual well-being has been a long andRead MoreGender Differences Between Men And Women1417 Words   |  6 Pagesto analyze gender differences between men and women in history. Whether these gender differences exist in the way in which they communicate, influence, or lead, men and women have always been viewed as different and unique sets of people. These differences have, to a certain extent, put black mens in the environment at a disadvantage because of their perceived inferiority to the world, mainly due to historical gender inequalities, discrimination of racism. Especially, young black mens. I do believeRead MoreGender Differences Between Men And Women1992 Words   |  8 PagesThere is much debate on the issue of personality differences between men and women, some believe that that men and women are vastly different, others only slightly and the rest firmly believe that we are no different from each other at all. A large quantity of research has been condu cted in order to try to find this out. Firstly, it is imperative that gender and personality have a clear definition to prevent confusion. Gender is a psychological perception of masculinity and femininity and can beRead MoreGender Differences Between Men And Women892 Words   |  4 PagesRegardless of the standard definition, gender differences cause the meaning of attractiveness to vary among society. Cultural influences suggest that the â€Å"beauty is in the eye of the beholder† is false. Aside from the specific guidelines towards what men and women perceive, men take attractiveness more serious than do women. It has been proven that both men and women compare body image and asymmetry when determining someone’s attractiveness, or lack there of. However, there are certain cases whereRead MoreGender Differences Between Men And Women Essay1533 Words   |  7 Pagesinteractions between men and women, yet I have had difficulty pin-pointing the exact differences. Obvi ously, the military utilized abrasive and assertive speech, and I correlated it to professional differences rather than gender differences. However, learning the subconscious tendencies of communication polarities with men and women, and introspectively looking back at past interactions, forced me to realize it may be just as much a gender gap as a professional one. I always wondered why some men enjoyedRead MoreGender Differences Between Men And Women Essay2523 Words   |  11 PagesThe â€Å"male norm† is an important concept for understanding women’s history, gender history, and the history of sexuality in classical Athens. Women and Gender in Early Modern Europe, explains the importance of studying women, as well as studying gender. Historians studying gender â€Å"note that what are usually described as the â€Å"biological† differences between men and women are themselves influenced by ideas about gender, with a single polarity (man/woman) so strong in western culture that individualsRead MoreGender Differences Between Men And Women1861 Words   |  8 Pagescentury, western culture frequently dismisses the concept of men and women holding highly distinguishable traits that denote respective functions in society. Such movements insinuate that the objective of absolute equality between the sexes has been met, despite history presenting an entirely contrasting view of gender roles that have perpetuated inequality in the minds of mankind. In order for one to fully comprehend the continual battle that women have fought against the stereotypes that history has triedRead MoreGender Differences Between Women And Men Speak981 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Sex Differences† is an essay written by a professor of linguistics named Ronald Macaulay. In the essay, he pointed out that there were no gender differences regarding to language development. He talked about various stereotypes about how men and women speak. He also explains in depth about how social environment made an impact on the talking between men and women. He also concluded that those linguists who still believe in that theory only continue to do so even if what they found in their researchRead MoreThe Gender Pay Gap Measures The Earning Differences Between Women And Men940 Words   |  4 PagesThe gender pay gap measures the earning di fferences between women and men in paid employment in the labour market. It is one of many indicators of gender inequality in a country, when examining labour market participation in terms of gender (EC 2007). Though we try to fight for gender equality in the workplace, us females still face many difficulties. While they’ve made strides in breaking through the â€Å"glass ceiling,† we often have many other challenges, things such as sexism, discrimination, sometimesRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Gender Stereotype And The Difference Between Men And Women1150 Words   |  5 Pagesnovel Things Fall Apart gender stereotype and the difference between men and women, and also how women are treated compared to men, are presented very boldly throughout the whole novel. Showing these stereotypes and maybe certain rights that were provided for one gender and not the other is important when it comes to understanding the novel more because it shows how things were in villages like Umuofia during the time (but mostly before) when Christian missionaries and white men had taken over, and showing

Various theoretical movements Free Essays

Like other social scientists, systematically looking for general patterns in human behavior is the main work that anthropologists take on. They also develop theories and use scientific methods to test their research as they struggle to determine their differences and similarities in urban, industrial and cross-cultural societies. Its important feature is always its emphasis on the insider’s view of a society. We will write a custom essay sample on Various theoretical movements or any similar topic only for you Order Now It aims to provide an understanding of the various cultures as it determines how people of a culture view the world. Thus, discoveries and studies in anthropology ultimately contribute to international harmony and with respect to the beliefs and values each one possess. Theories in Anthropology Various theoretical movements have been identified and studied and most of the principles frequently overlap or contradict each other altogether.   Some concentrate on past civilizations while some study on present ones (McGee, 2004). In the book of Thomas Kuhn, several theories were â€Å"stimulated† and were based on a positivist epistemology. Historical Particularism, Culture and Personality, Structuralism and Functionalism as well as many others comprise the broad spectrum of Anthropology. But there are theories as well that alter the premise that dichotomizes the relationship between reality and theory and these are the theories that are influenced by post-modern perspectives such as the theory of Interpretivists and Constructivists. To further breakdown and understand how each school of thought works, defining the main themes and how they differentiate from one another will categorize each movement and its impact, if any, to present studies. Evolutionism in the Nineteenth Century claims that societal groups developed according to one universal order of cultural evolution (McGee, 2004).   Stated simply, the proponents of this theory identified â€Å"universal evolutional stages† and have classified different societies as savage, barbarian civilization. They came to this conclusion by studying the data they have collected from traders and missionaries in the study of the various cultures they were interested in. Although most theorists rarely went to the societies they were analyzing, they organized the data they have collected, albeit second-hand data, and applied a general theory to all societies. Thus was born the train of thought placing Western Societies with rather advanced technologies and placing these societies at the highest rank of civilization (Erickson, 2008). The main theme that categorizes this movement is the assumption that human minds share similar characteristics all over the world (Moore, 2004). Does this mean that all people and their societies will go through the same processes of development? It seems so for another underlying assumption is all that belong to Western Societies are superior to other societies in the world. This assumption may be based on the fact these same societies possess the military and economic power against technologically simple societies (McGee, 2004). But can this then apply to other aspects of societies, such as kin systems, religion and childrearing customs? There is a logical progression that cannot be denied and this can be observed in the use of simple tools to using complex technology in most Western Societies. However, this train of thought offers a rather simplistic explanation on the development of Western Societies. Generally, it became too racist and during that time, Henry Morgan believed that evolution only moved from early societies to the Western societies. He also argued that intelligence is not a valid point to be raised for all people in various societies have different levels of intelligence and supported as well by Burnett Tylor. This theory was strongly attacked by supporters of the Historical Particularism for they see this theory as too speculative and ethnocentric and at the same time, approaches as too materialistic and the views on the various cultures are influenced by the Marxist Anthropology (McGee, 2004). Historical Particularism’s main point is to focus its research on a specific society, its whole and its own history richly detailing the cultural traits and characteristics into its descriptive technology (Erickson, 2008). Franz Boas primarily led other theorists to support ethnography method instead of the comparative method, stressing the importance of a solid and intensive ground work research. He was considered the Father of American Anthropology because he openly challenged the proponents of the previous theory who he believed are overtly racist in nature and is responsible for influencing a large number of ethnographers who include Kroeber, Lowie, Spier, Wissler, Mead, Radin, Bunzel, Sapir, Benedict, Herskovits, Hoebel and many others like him ( Moore, 2004). The problem however with this theory is that it has very little stimulation resulting in a static view of cultures and did not develop a sense of cultural dynamics and continuities. It however laid the ground work for systematic field work and research. Structuralism is best exemplified by a leading intellectual of the age, published extensively his writings and revolved his theory around the basic question, â€Å"what are the human patterns of thought that bring order to the world?† bringing to the forefront the other question, â€Å"how does man deal with chaos?† Levi-Strauss’ stressed the main points of this theory that the mind takes varied and potentially chaotic experiences to attempt to logically structure this experiences in binary configurations, and incorporating these with dominant images and symbols we come across in the world (McGee, 2004). Levi-Strauss believed that these configurations is an unconscious process devoid of being developed and articulated but instead deeply rooted from the structures of the mind. He argued that since all people of all cultures utilize binary principles to organize and structure the experiences they encounter daily, the manner of comprehending the meaning to any quality must logically have an antithesis or opposite. This explains the rise of various symbols in human societies that run through symbolic polarities like right-left, moon-sun, female-male, life-death, and good-evil. The major contribution of this theory is the logical study of myth and thinking where knowledge communicate a significant message about how things are organized and specifically mediate or lessens experiential contradictions (order to chaos) and introducing an anomalous element – virgin mothers, garden of eden ( Evolutionism, 2008). This theory used a non empirical approach in its methods where most positivists ague and they believed that the structures of thinking should be based on binary principles. They also believed that all forms of thinking are logical and not less significant and the tools are just the things that differ at the way one processes the information around him. How to cite Various theoretical movements, Papers

Negotiation Skills for Chicken with the Suppliers- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theNegotiation Skills for Chicken with the Suppliers. Answer: Negotiation 1 As a head chef, I have to negotiate the prices of chicken with the suppliers. Since the supplier wants to make higher profits and I want a lower rate, there is a need for a negotiation. First, I will have to convince the supplier that doing business with the bistro is a mutual benefit. I would ask for lower prices by giving a counter offer. However, if the supplier will not budge, I could negotiate for discounts that would work towards lowering the rates. It is imperative that the supplier has the idea that there are other suppliers as it will bring competitive pricing. Besides, I could agree to purchase more substantial amounts, and payments made in time and build a business relationship with the supplier. Keeping notes for different customers such as negotiation in progress, promises to buy, inability to pay, and scheduling of the buyers date is key to this negotiation. On the other hand, as the supplier I need higher profits and the head chef wishes me to lower the prices. To ensure competitive pricing, I would prefer that I offer discounts where the head chef purchases a certain amount of chicken. If I have to lower the price, the chef has to guarantee a long lasting business relationship. It ensures the stability of revenue. Agree to pay in time could guarantee that the chef may get discounts and the conflict would be solved. On both sides, effective communication and assertiveness are essential. Revenue stabilization is critical to business profitability and sustainability. The increased assertiveness in the communication criteria I use depicts a lot in the establishment of excellent customer relationship. I always ensure that I follow up on the customers that promised and agreed to pay for some goods like chicken and ensure that the right price is offered and paid for the same. Profitability is the main objective behind the sales I make. Negotiation 2 As the head chef, a safety council approved the restaurant twelve months ago. However, the environment officer states that the ceiling presents safety conditions. I should communicate with the officer effectively, and negotiate for a reasonable period to make the repairs. I should also reach an agreement to repair it by a months time. Besides, I should request for other approvals to ensure all standards are met. However, I would seek to place a complaint with the city council to ensure that a clarification is made and the industry criteria are met. As the environment officer, the head chef is on the wrong side of the law. The cellings condition does not meet the required standards. It is a threat to food safety in the consumer. The head chef needs to understand that the ceiling should be repaired as soon as possible. However, as the chef states, the same council approved the restaurant twelve months ago. There is a conflict. Since the head chef has presented a fair case, the problem may be solved by giving a statutory warning and requiring that the ceiling is repaired as soonest possible/ Negotiation 3 As the seller of the business, my goal is to reach a sale price gives a return on equity. Besides, it will be more beneficial that I get a higher sale price. First, I should effectively communicate to the buyer the assets that he/she will inherit after transfer of the business. Apart from the assets that can be measured in monetary terms, the buyer should be aware of the intangible assets such as goodwill. As a going concern, the business has relations with suppliers, consumers, and employees all of which cannot be quantified. These benefits should be accounted for in a better price. The proper quantification of intangible assets in monetary terms depicts the materiality level of that asset offered by the seller to the bargaining customer. The proper communication of the assets price by the seller to the buyer is key to increased business inheritance. As the buyer of the business, negotiating a lower price is the primary objective. However, the seller is pushing for a higher rate. To ensure that the amount agreed upon depicts the actual value of the business, I would request for information on the customer base, suppliers, and the creditors. Unlike the quantifiable resources, the strength of the business relations with other suppliers should provide an avenue to bargain for a lower price. Given bargaining power, customers would easily negotiate their suitable pay and hence ensure easy customer retention by the concerned business.

6 Things You Must Do Before That Successful Interview

6 Things You Must Do Before That Successful Interview Getting an interview feels like a victory, doesn’t it? It means you’re one step closer to that job, and makes a black-and-white online job posting seem like more of a reality. After you do your happy I-got-the-interview dance, it’s time to start thinking ahead for the interview itself. Here are six things you can do ahead of time to set yourself up right for the big day.1. Plan your outfit.This doesn’t just apply to fashionistas. Figuring out ahead of time what you’ll be wearing can take one major thing off your mind the day of the interview. It also lets you plan ahead for small (but crucial) touches like making sure your clothes are cleaned and pressed on time or that your lucky interview shoes are shined up and ready to walk into the room like a boss.2. Get your talking points in order.Review the job listing, and remind yourself how your skills and experience dovetail with what the company’s seeking in this role. Then, be sure to practice working those into a conversation. Naturally.  No one wants to be hit with a barrage of canned-sounding bullet points†¦ especially if you were asked to name a few of your strengths, and you respond with a memorized monologue about your achievements from your last job.3. Take another pass at your resume.You should have reviewed your resume before you applied for the job (please tell me you did!), but even so, take a fresh look at it. Is there anything you can tighten up before you walk into the interview as an ambassador for yourself and your work achievements? Once you feel good about the content and of your resume and have caught every typo, make sure to print copies (on high-quality paper, whenever possible) to take with you on interview day.4. Put on your researcher hat.Learn as much as you possibly can about the company before you go in. Can you tell anything about their corporate culture from their social media accounts? Have they been in the news for anything lately? If there’s been a scandal, obviously don’t eagerly bring it up in the interview. But if the company has been involved in something cool or newsworthy, it’s good to have that info stored and ready to go.5. Practice your smile.Spend a few moments rehearsing your interview smile in the mirror each night before you go to bed. Work on your most confident, pleasant smile, and be ready to break it out for every  person you meet during the interview (receptionists, assistants, interviewers). You can also practice with loved ones, or take some selfies to review and find the best â€Å"hire me† grin.6. Have your thank-you letters ready to go.The night before your interview, type up a template for your thank-you notes to your interviewers. That way, after you walk out of the interview you just have to enter a few crucial details (the person’s name, email address, and ideally a specific reference or two to the conversation you had), then hit send. Easy peasy.A little extra care and planning as you get ready for the interview can be the edge you need to get you to that next step: the job offer. After all, the interview is the only thing keeping you from an even better happy dance: the I-got-the-job one.

Music Final Essays

Music Final Essays Music Final Paper Music Final Paper Essay Topic: Poetry Of the following, who is a noted woman composer of the Romantic era Amy Cheney Beach Of the following, which was NOT a major theme of Romantic writers idealized heroes of Greece and Rome The favorite subjects for the Romantic poets were love, longing, and nature Of the following, which is NOT a title for Schumanns piano works Rondos Which does NOT characterize Romantic music reserved emotions What is the form of Schumanns In the lovely month of May strophic The art song can be described as representing a union of poetry and music True A German-texted song with piano accompaniment that sets a short lyric poem is called a Lied: The mood of Schumanns In the lovely month of May is joyful and exuberant False The Romantic orchestra was the same size as the Classical orchestra False The Industrial Revolution produced less expensive musical instruments but with no technical improvements False Which is true of Schuberts Erlking It is the masterpiece of his youth It is based on the legend that whoever is touched by the king of the elves must die It presents four characters who are differentiated in the music: Franz Schubert was a thoroughly Romantic composer whose music abandoned the forms and stylistic principles of Classicism False The desire for increased expressiveness in nineteenth-century music is communicated by the composer to the performer through new descriptive terms True A song that is composed from beginning to end without repetitions of whole sections is in strophic form False Exoticism was expressed through the incorporation within a composition of folk music of ones own country False A song form in which the same melody is repeated with every stanza of text is called strophic Nineteenth-century musicians continued to be viewed by society as glorified servants False Franz Schubert composed several song cycles, including Winters Journey The first movement of the Romantic concerto often omitted the orchestra exposition True Which composer is generally considered the greatest pianist and showman of the Romantic era Liszt Of which national school of composition is DvoÃ…â„¢k a representative Czech Although a musical nationalist, Smetana avoided getting involved with the political revolution False Amy Cheney Beach was widely recognized in her lifetime as the leading American woman composer True Which does NOT characterize the scherzo from Beachs Sonata in A minor Placed third in the four-movement cycle: Nineteenth-century Russian composers have a strong tradition of utilizing folk tales as the basis of their compositions True Liszt joined Chopin in transforming the _____ from a piano exercise into a poetic mood piece à ©tude Which of the following is LEAST likely to be an example of program music String Quartet in B-flat major DvoÃ…â„¢ks Symphony No 9 was inspired by Goethes Faust: False Nationalism found natural expression in music, among other arts True Who was the first internationally acclaimed American composer of classical music Louis Moreau Gottschalk Of the following, who did NOT write a major concerto in the Romantic era Schubert Who is the German-born conductor who set up a concert series across the United States and also established New York Citys second professional orchestra Theodore Thomas Gottschalks The Banjo is in a modified sonata form False Pianist Clara Schumann gave the first performances of her husband Roberts important works, and also became known as a leading interpreter of the music of Brahms and Chopin True The melody of the African-American Spiritual Swing Low, Sweet Chariot is suggestive of the third theme in the first movement of DvoÃ…â„¢ks New World Symphony: The melody of Chopins Prelude in E minor moves in disjunct motion through a wide range False Berlioz was awarded the Prix de Rome, during which time he wrote his Symphonie fantastique True The most important keyboard instrument of the Romantic period was the piano: Incidental music to a play is generally considered to be absolute music False Of the following, which does NOT describe symphony composition in the Romantic era Composers wrote more symphonies than their Classical counterparts The finale to Symphonie fantastique projects a satanic character True Franz Liszt described the style of his music, along with that of Wagner and Berlioz, as the music of the future True Mendelssohn played an important role in the revival of music by which Baroque composer Bach In the nineteenth century, where did serious American musicians complete their studies in Europe The Harlem Renaissance was an early twentieth-century movement that promoted the creative efforts of African Americans True The symphony was a new genre in the Romantic era False Clara Schumanns later creative activities were supported by the devotion of which composer Brahms A piece of program music for orchestra in one movement which, through several contrasting sections, develops a poetic idea or suggests a scene or mood is called a symphonic poem: The typical Romantic symphony has four movements True Which of the following did NOT characterize salons They were generally hosted by wealthy male aristocrats: Titles such as Prelude, Impromptu, and Intermezzo are used for short, lyric piano pieces: Which best describes the style of the third movement of Brahmss Symphony No 3 a melancholic waltz Brahmss Symphony No 3is a program symphony False Chopin spent most of his productive life in Paris: Popular music has recently become a vehicle for the voice of women composers True Which movement of a symphony is traditionally the slowest the second movement The scherzo is a lively, dancelike movement in duple meter False William Grant Still was an African-American composer who sought musical inspiration from his native heritage True One of the leitmotifs from Wagners Die Walkà ¼re is the magic fire music True The habanera is a dance song of Cuban origin True Puccinis Madame Butterfly is a tragic tale of a Japanese geisha and a U: S: naval officer: Which description best characterizes a part song a short, secular song for three or four voice parts Brahmss German Requiem was intended for performance in the Catholic Church False The focal point of Wagnerian music drama is the voice False Impressionist music is often characterized as a reaction to all of the above: Ravels art reflects the twin goals of Impressionism and Neoclassicism True Which of the following was NOT characteristic of Impressionist music accents on the first beat of each measure Which of the following statements is NOT true about Romantic choral music Only professional singers participated in nineteenth-century choruses Which of the following countries was NOT a leading opera center in the nineteenth century England Tchaikovskys Nutcracker is based on a story by E T A Hoffmann Stravinskys The Soldiers Tale is a ballet What was the name of the Paris-based Russian ballet impresario who commissioned Stravinsky to write ballets Diaghilev Singing in a chorus generally requires a different skill than playing in an orchestra True Which of the following is the Cuban dance song that Bizet set as an aria in Carmen habanera Opera provided composers with a good outlet for their interest in far-off lands True The text for Fanny Mendelssohn Hensels Under the Greenwood Tree was taken from Shakespeares As You Like It: The Waltz of the Flowers is the climax of The Nutcracker ballet True Ravel was attracted to many styles of dance music True The librettist for Verdis Otello was Boito Debussy considered Wagners music dramas to be ponderous and tedious True French poets responded to Impressionism in painting by developing a new literary style called Symbolism Debussy was much influenced by non-Western music he heard at the Paris World Exhibition of 1889 True Puccinis opera Madame Butterfly, with its Japanese melodies and pentatonic and whole-tone scales, is an example of exoticism True Ravels _____ sets texts from The Arabian Nights Shà ©hà ©razade Ballet became an independent art form in the nineteenth century True The form of How Lovely Is Thy Dwelling Place, the fourth movement of Brahmss German Requiem, is best described as A-B-A-C-A, or rondo Brahmss German Requiem has _____ movements seven In Rigoletto, Verdi turns away from tuneful melodies to heighten the dramatic action False Schumann wrote his song cycle A Poets Love during his year of song, in which he wrote hundreds of Lieder and he also married Clara (Wieck) Schumann: True The melody in twelve-tone music is called a tone row Of the following, which describes formalism Formal considerations are valued over expressive ones. What was the name of the Paris-based Russian ballet impresario who commissioned Stravinsky to write ballets Diaghilev Stravinskys The Soldiers Tale is a ballet Klangfarbenmelodie refers to a style that gives each note of a melody to a different instrument Neoclassical composers preferred absolute music and forms to program music True Stravinskys ballets all achieved immediate popularity with their audiences. False In The Royal March from Stravinskys The Soldiers Tale, the meter remains constant throughout False Bergs music owes much to the influence of Arnold Schoenberg True It is thought that Mahlers conversion to Catholicism was prompted primarily to avoid anit-Semitism in Vienna. Weberns Symphony, Opus 21, uses many contrapuntal procedures True Weberns Symphony, Opus 21, combines serial technique with traditional forms True Who composed the opera Peter Grimes Britten Bart à ³k found that eastern European folk music was based on ancient modes, unfamiliar scales,non-symmetrical rhythms. Which nineteenth-century American composer is best remembered for his popular ballads and minstrel show tunes Stephen Foster Which of the following instruments would you NOT find in a standard mariachi band clarinet Which of the following is NOT a ballet by Aaron Copland Our Town While composing in his spare time, Charles Ives made his living as an insurance executive. Shape-note notation was used to help music reading for the general public True The music of Charles Ives was very popular and performed frequently during his lifetime False William Grant Still composed the first symphony by an African American to be performed by a major American orchestra True Like Copland and Prokofiev, Revueltas wrote music for films True Which does NOT characterize the blues It is a form of African folk music. What American city is considered the birthplace of jazz New Orleans Billie Holidays song Billies Blues demonstrates ________ form 16-bar blues The principal exponent of cool jazz was trumpeter Miles Davis. What is the form of Gershwins Piano Prelude No1 : A-B-A The popular style that is characterized by vocal patter against a syncopated rhythmic accompaniment is rap. The Irish rock group of the late 1980s interested in political activism was U2. The Whos Tommy is an example of rock opera. Bernsteins West Side Story updates the feud between the Capulets and the Montagues to that between The Jets and the Sharks. The term loosely applied to various styles of Afro-Cuban dance music is Salsa. Ragtime was named for its ragged, highly syncopated rhythms and melodies True Cajuns and Creoles stem from the same ethnic background and share similar musical influences False Art rock or progressive rock was largely a British style True A new style that emerged during the 1950s that was a union of African American rhythm-blues, country western, and pop was called bebop False Rock is characterized by a strong, steady beat in a triple meter False The use of preexisting literary sources such as books and plays for the plots of musicals helped the new genre to gain maturity and permanence True New Orleans jazz depended on simultaneous improvisations by the players, which created a polyphonic texture True Big-band swing represented the dominant form of American popular music in the 1930s and 1940s True The jazz technique of playing short melodic ostinatos, or riffs, derives from African call-and-response patterns. True The musical has remained exclusively an American art form, not attempted by composers of other countries False

Week 10 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 10 - Assignment Example In the event of a financial collapse it is seen that international trade will take a nose dive majorly because some of the large financial movers in the world are depended upon by other smaller countries. At the same time housing will stop thriving. The boom that is there for real property will go down majorly because interest rates will affect the desire for property as they will prove to be out of reach. The prices of goods are also seen to take a low turn as it is rather evident that people will not need them. The financial stocks will be a clear representation of this. The dollar, the world’s most relied on currency will also weaken in relation to other currencies and in the course of this cause the prices of other goods to drop. Previous experiences and events can also go a long way in shaping the financial decisions that can be made. The way a particular country behaves in the international scene when it comes to the financial scene can go a long way in establishing the predictability of the global financial situation if not the local one. Take the case of the United States for example. It is seen that the country accounts for nearly 25 per cent of the total global GDP. When a country of such significant influence in the world gets shaken in its economy then this would prove to be an indicator of the ensuing financial condition. What ought to be done in this case is that investors should be very much wary of the giant financial controllers of the world say China and the United States. In this same connection also the Central Banks of the various countries that are there may play a rather significant role in the aversion of the effects of the global financial problems through the slashing of interest rates but the effect of this is not much felt as it was before. The countries of the world, should stop being dependent on one particular consumer when it comes to their exports. In this case they mostly depend on the United States.

The Power of Thinking or Feelings in Crest and Vaseline Advertisements Essay

The Power of Thinking or Feelings in Crest and Vaseline Advertisements - Essay Example Vaseline persuasively uses pathos because of its emphasis on the word â€Å"feel,† so that the audience can â€Å"feel† its sincerity regarding the benefits of its product, and then it expounds on the scientific backup of these benefits to fully convince the audience that it is the best lotion in the market. The main positioning statement of the ad is â€Å"feels good, does well.† The statement is simple, but its meanings are varied. Vaseline uses the words â€Å"feel† and â€Å"good† to underline emotions. It is stating that its lotion feels good on the skin while providing emotional benefits too. Instead of just stressing its ingredients, it centers on the resulting â€Å"feelings,† which is related to â€Å"goodness.† Another impact of the feelings of goodness is having a good day. When people feel good, they tend to do well in school, work, and home. Feeling good starts the day with happiness and improves quality of life. After the short introduction on what the product makes consumers feel, a longer explanation is below it, where scientific words are added. The long paragraph stresses that the product is the â€Å"next generation† of Vaseline lotion, which suggests that it is current and not an â€Å"old† formula. The words â€Å"pure† and â€Å"natural† make Vaseline a â€Å"natural† product, even when it has chemicals too. The main goal is to relate Vaseline with the goodness of â€Å"Nature,† but one that is scientifically tested and perfected. The words â€Å"new formula† and â€Å"infuse moisture deep down† accentuate that the product is the latest tested formula that goes beyond other usual lotions. The â€Å"rich feel and glowing skin† is a suitable end, since many consumers want their skin feeling smooth and looking young and fresh. To reinforce its sincerity further, another strategy of Vaseline is its â€Å"Money Back Guarantee.† The ad has a blue stamp, a stamp that symbolizes something assured and permanent. It contains the words â€Å"Vaseline Promise.† The word promise is like a friend making a promise to another friend. If customers will not feel the difference after using the product, Vaseline challenges them to return the lotion to it. This way, customers feel secure in using the product. Again, positive feelings take center stage. The ad starts with good vibes, the vibes of feeling and looking good. Then, it follows up the good vibes with a promise of â€Å"money back,† if these â€Å"feelings† are not attained. Vaseline effectively uses matching words and promises to convey a strong message of skin luxuriousness to its audiences. The font and white background highlight that Vaseline has nothing to hide. The font of â€Å"feels good, do good† is sans serif, which makes it informal and playful. It does not even start with a capital letter and does not end with a period. Th e way it is written looks hip and young. In other words, it exudes with innocence. The white background suggests purity too.  

I will upload the Info to who I need to send it to when get to the Essay

I will upload the Info to who I need to send it to when get to the step - Essay Example The popularity of the social networking culture may seem to picture a different story but the fact remains that online friends can never take the place of real life friends and seldom provide the comfort that real friends provide. Being a part of a social-networking group I never mind adding new friends on receiving friend-requests from people I have met once or twice or sometimes never met at all, but the truth is I myself consider it a social networking group rather than what we call a friend circle. I will never be comfortable sharing most of my matters over the internet than I am sharing face to face with my own friends. Many of us will agree that the people we meet online are less close to us as compared to those relationships we have offline. Online friendships are though totally unsatisfying. In many of my friends’ cases I have known people who have considerable comfort levels with online friends and they are quite satisfied but still the place of the online real life f riendships stands far in comparable to those online friends. To understand the impact of internet on the social relationships of the people, we need to analyze two main evidences. First is the effect of computer mediated communication on the social relationships, i.e., what is the quality of the communication established on the internet compared to that of communication through other media .Also, the sustainability of such relationships made on the internet to that of our personal and face to face relationship with friends .Secondly, we need to understand how computer mediated communication effects one’s mix of social interactions and relationships. The communication impact will be very different in case of computer mediated relationships as compared to the traditional relationships and communication with well established friends. However, people may argue the usefulness of this type of relationships stating the convenience of communicating and getting the work done on the in ternet. To some extent, it is also true, information technology advancements are responsible for the current globalization effects in trades and businesses across the globe. The growth in information technology has today enabled users to get the work done in any part of the world at the click of a button and make huge profits in business by communicating on the internet. But, the reliability of the work done is much better in case of telephony or face to face conversation. I am sure many people will agree to the fact that it was easier to get their works done by telephony conversation or personal meeting while internet conversation simply contributed exchange of information. In my personal case too, I have inferred that the nature of relationships online and offline is varied to a great extent. Communication with online relationships is less frequent and weaker than that of offline relationships. This frequency of communication predicts psychological closeness to offline acquaintanc es and there is seldom rather nil closeness in case of online relationships. Over the internet too we tend to communicate frequently with established real life friends than sharing with online partners. Despite of this people do not not have a sense of belonging for these members, they can communicate well, share their interests and exchange information on the internet but

Crank And Slotted Lever Mechanism Engineering Essay

Crank And Slotted Lever Mechanism Engineering Essay In a kinematic chain when one link is fixed, then that chain is known as mechanism. It may be used for transmitting or transforming motion for example engine indicators, typewriters etc.[1] A mechanism which has four links is known as simple mechanism, and a mechanism which has more than four links is known as complex mechanism. A mechanism which is required to transmit some particular type of work is knows as machines. In certain cased the elements have to be designed to withstand the forces safely. A mechanism is a kinematic chain in which kinematic pairs are connected in such a way that first link is joined to the last link to transmit a predetermined constrained motion The various parts of the mechanism are called as links or elements. When two links are in contact and a relative motion is possible, then they are known as a pair. An arbitrary set of a link which forms a closed chain which is capable of relative motion and that can be made into a rigid structure by adding a single link is known as kinematics chain. To form a mechanism from a kinematics chain one of the link must be fixed. The technique obtaining different mechanism by fixing the various link in turn is knows as inversion. [2] Fig 1.1-Chart illustrating kinematic pair makes up a machine CHAPTER 2 KINEMATIC PAIRS Two links that can move with respect to each other by a mechanical constraint between them, with one or more degrees of freedom The relative motion between two links of a pair can take different form. Three types of pair are identified as lower pairs and these are the commonly occurring ones. Sliding: Such as occurs between a piston and a cylinder Turning: Such occurs with a wheel on an axle Screw Motion: Such as occurs between a nut and a bolt All other cases are considered to be combination of sliding and rolling is called higher pairs. Screw pair is higher pair as it combines turning and sliding. 2.1 Classification of Kinematic Pairs Since kinematics pairs deals with relative motion between two links then can be classifies based on the characteristics of relative motion between two bodies. The type of relative motion between the elements The type of contact between the elements The type of closure[1] The type of relative motion between the elements The kinematic pair according to type of relative motion can classified as below Sliding Pair Turning Pair Rolling Pair Screw Pair Spherical Pair 2.1.2 The type of contact between the elements The kinematic pair according to type of contact between the elements can be classified Lower Pair Higher Pair 2.1.3 The type of closure The kinematic pair according to type of closure between the elements can be classified as Self -Closed Pair Force -Closed Pair 2.2 GRUBLERS CRITERION FOR PLANAR MECHANISM The Grublers criterion applies to mechanism with only single degree of freedom joints where the overall movability of the mechanism is unity.Subtituting n=1 and h=0 in kutzbach equation we have [3] F= 3 (n-1) 2j h The equation is known as Grublers criterion for plane mechanisms with constrained motion. 2j-3n+h+4=0 Where, F=number of degrees of freedom of a chain j= number of lower kinematic pairs h = number of higher kinematic pairs n= number of links When F=1, the linkage is called a mechanism. When F=0 it forms a structure. That is an application of external force does not produce relative motion between any links of a linkage When F>1 the linkage will require more than one external driving force 2 obtain constrained motion When F 2.3 KINEMATIC CHAIN A Kinematic Chain is defined as a closed network of links, connected by kinematic pairs so that the motion is constrained. First a network of links to give constrained motion, certain conditions are to be satisfied. Minimum number of three links is required to form a closed chain .The three links are connected with turning pairs. Fig.2.1 (a) A Five-Link Kinematic Chain (b) Six-Link Kinematic Mechanism 2.3.1 Types of kinematic chains The most important kinematic chains are those which consists of four lower pairs, each pair being a sliding pair or a turning pair Four Bar Chain or Quadric Cyclic Chain Single Slider Crank chain Double slider crank chain 2.3.2 Inversions Inversion is a method of obtaining different mechanisms by fixing different links in a kinematic chain. A particular inversion of a mechanism may give rise to different mechanism of practical unity, when the proportions of the link are changed [2]. CHAPTER 3 SLOTTED LINK QUICK RETURN MECHANISM Slotted link mechanism which is commonly used in shaper mechanism. The mechanism which converts rotary motion of electric motor and gear box into the reciprocating motion of ram which is the most simple and compact machine.[3] Fig 3.1 : Slotted link mechanism The slotted link mechanism which is mainly divided into seven main parts .They are A Clamping nut B Ram C Link D D Crankpin A E Slotted crank B F Bull Wheel G Glot Slotted link mechanism gives ram the higher velocity during the return stroke (i.e. Non cutting stroke) .Then the forward stroke which reduces the wasting during the return stroke. [4] When the bull wheel is rotated the crank pin A is also rotated side by side through the slot the crank B. This makes the slotted crank B.This makes the slotted crank to oscillate about one end C.The oscillation motion of slotted crank makes ram to reciprocate. The intermediate D is required to accommodate the rise and fall of the crank. Crank Pin A decides the length of the strokes of the shaper. The further its away from the center of the bull wheel longer is its stroke. The cutting stroke of the ram is complete while crank pin moves from A to A1 and slotted link goes from left to right. During return stroke pin moves from A1 to A and link moves from right to left Cutting Time/Idle Time = Angle of AZA1/ Angles of AZA2 3.1 SHAPER MECHANISM The working of a shaper mechanism is that it has two stokes. One is forward stroke and the other is return stroke. Clearing up more about these two strokes is that in the forward stroke the material is feeded, where as in the return stroke is an idle stroke when no material is feeded.[6] Fig 3.2 : Shaper Mechanism Shaping process which involves only short setup time and uses only inexpensive tools. Shaping is used for the production of gears ,splined shafts racks etc. it can produce one or two such parts in a shaper less time that is required to setup for production. Other alternatively equipment with a higher output rate is required. [5] The cost per cubic cm of metal removal by shaping may be as five times more than that of the removal by milling or broaching. Shaping machines are mainly used in tool rooms or model shops. 3.2 SHAPER CUTTING SPEED The cutting speed depends on The type of material used. The amount of material removed. The kinds of tool material. The rigidity of machine. 3.4 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WHITHWORTH AS WELL AS QUICK RETURN MECHANISM Maximum pressure is holding the ram down the slides so that steadying is most necessary on entering the cut In Whitworth motion, the main pressure is in the correct place, less pressure is required in center of stroke. Slotted link motion is opposite to all the points explained above. Not withstanding the recompense stated above for the Whitworth motion, constructional difficulty make it more suitable for traversing head shaping machines and slotting machines, so that the crank motion, despite its restrictions finds universal adaptation for the pillar style of shaping machines.[6] CHAPTER 4 DESIGN OF CRANK AND SLOTTED LEVER MECHANISM Design and fabrication of crank and slotted lever mechanism and also doing the structural and thermal analysis of crank shaft. Drawing the velocity diagram of the mechanism. Fig 4.1 : Dimensions for the components using AutoCAD DESIGNING USING CATIA The design of different components is explained here using Catia. SLOTTED LEVER Slotted lever connected to the crank shaft which provides the forward and backward motion of the tool post. The drawing is done as per the dimensions shown above. Different view of the slotted lever is also explained Fig 4.2: Design of slotted lever FIG4.3: Different angle view of slotted lever CRANK SHAFT Crank shaft which is connected to flywheel with the help of a motor , which provides the rotation of the crank shaft as well as the rotation of the slotted lever connected to it. The drawing is done as per the dimensions shown above. Different view of the crank shaft is also explained Fig 4.4: DESIGN of crank shaft Fig 4.5: Different angle view of crank shaft TOOL POST Tool post which is connected to slotted lever, where the tool is connected to it which is used for the cutting of materials. The drawing is done as per the dimensions shown above. Different view of the Tool post is also explained Fig 4.6: Design of tool post Fig 4.7: Different angle view of tool post TOOL CUTTER Tool cutter is connected to the tool which is used to cut the material. The design is done as per assumed dimensions. Different view of the Tool is also explained. Fig 4.8: Design of tool Fig 4.9: Different angle view of tool 5.2 FABRICATION OF CRANK AND SLOTTED LEVER With the help of above design of different components it has been combined together to form a crank and slotted lever mechanism which is seen mainly in shaper machines. Fig4.10: Design of crank and slotted lever mechanism The final fabrication model will be represented as shown below. Fig4.11: Final Design of crank and slotted lever mechanism 4.3 MODEL FABRICATION To conclude my Assigned project I hereby affix few photos of crank and slotted quick return mechanism indicating the functioning the same. Fig 4.12: FABRICATED MODEL OF CRANK AND SLOTTED LEVER Fig 4.13: SLOTTED LEVER CONNECTED TO THE LEVER CHAPTER 5 STRUCTURAL AND THERMAL ANALYSIS OF CRANK SHAFT Crank and slotted lever mechanism, crank shaft which acts as the rotating device which helps the slotted lever forward and backward movement. Therefore analyzing the different propertied which take place in a crank shaft 5.1 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS Fig 5.1: Crank shaft used for analysis Units TABLE 1 Unit System Metric (m, kg, N, s, V, A) Degrees rad/s Celsius Angle Degrees Rotational Velocity rad/s Temperature Celsius Model (C4) Geometry TABLE 2 Model (C4) > Geometry Object Name Geometry State Fully Defined Definition Source C:UsersPATRICKDesktopPAPArollcageSUDEEPPart1.CATPart Type Catia5 Length Unit Millimeters Element Control Program Controlled Display Style Part Color Bounding Box Length X 2.e-002 m Length Y 0.20055 m Length Z 0.19999 m Properties Volume 6.2904e-004 m ³ Mass 4.938 kg Scale Factor Value 1. Statistics Bodies 1 Active Bodies 1 Nodes 3258 Elements 556 Mesh Metric None Preferences Import Solid Bodies Yes Import Surface Bodies Yes Import Line Bodies No Parameter Processing Yes Personal Parameter Key DS CAD Attribute Transfer No Named Selection Processing No Material Properties Transfer No CAD Associatively Yes Import Coordinate Systems No Reader Save Part File No Import Using Instances Yes Do Smart Update No Attach File Via Temp File Yes Temporary Directory C:UsersPATRICKAppDataLocalTemp Analysis Type 3-D Mixed Import Resolution None Enclosure and Symmetry Processing Yes TABLE 3 Model (C4) > Geometry > Parts Object Name Part 1 State Meshed Graphics Properties Visible Yes Transparency 1 Definition Suppressed No Stiffness Behavior Flexible Coordinate System Default Coordinate System Reference Temperature By Environment Material Assignment Structural Steel Nonlinear Effects Yes Thermal Strain Effects Yes Bounding Box Length X 2.e-002 m Length Y 0.20055 m Length Z 0.19999 m Properties Volume 6.2904e-004 m ³ Mass 4.938 kg Centroid X 1.e-002 m Centroid Y -1.9072e-004 m Centroid Z -1.9565e-004 m Moment of Inertia Ip1 2.4661e-002 kg ·m ² Moment of Inertia Ip2 1.2451e-002 kg ·m ² Moment of Inertia Ip3 1.2537e-002 kg ·m ² Statistics Nodes 3258 Elements 556 Mesh Metric None Coordinate Systems TABLE 4 Model (C4) > Coordinate Systems > Coordinate System Object Name Global Coordinate System State Fully Defined Definition Type Cartesian Ansys System Number 0. Origin Origin X 0. m Origin Y 0. m Origin Z 0. m Directional Vectors X Axis Data [ 1. 0. 0. ] Y Axis Data [ 0. 1. 0. ] Z Axis Data [ 0. 0. 1. ] Mesh TABLE 5 Model (C4) > Mesh Object Name Mesh State Solved Defaults Physics Preference Mechanical Relevance 0 Sizing Use Advanced Size Function Off Relevance Center Coarse Element Size Default Initial Size Seed Active Assembly Smoothing Medium Transition Fast Span Angle Center Coarse Minimum Edge Length 2.e-002 m Inflation Use Automatic Tet Inflation None Inflation Option Smooth Transition Transition Ratio 0.272 Maximum Layers 5 Growth Rate 1.2 Inflation Algorithm Pre View Advanced Options No Advanced Shape Checking Standard Mechanical Element Midside Nodes Program Controlled Straight Sided Elements No Number of Retries Default (4) Rigid Body Behavior Dimensionally Reduced Mesh Morphing Disabled Pinch Pinch Tolerance Please Define Generate on Refresh No Statistics Nodes 3258 Elements 556 Mesh Metric None Static Structural (C5) TABLE 6 Model (C4) > Analysis Object Name Static Structural (C5) State Solved Definition Physics Type Structural Analysis Type Static Structural Solver Target ANSYS Mechanical Options Environment Temperature 22.  °C Generate Input Only No TABLE 7 Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Analysis Settings Object Name Analysis Settings State Fully Defined Step Controls Number Of Steps 1. Current Step Number 1. Step End Time 1. s Auto Time Stepping Program Controlled Solver Controls Solver Type Program Controlled Weak Springs Program Controlled Large Deflection Off Inertia Relief Off Nonlinear Controls Force Convergence Program Controlled Moment Convergence Program Controlled Displacement Convergence Program Controlled Rotation Convergence Program Controlled Line Search Program Controlled Output Controls Calculate Stress Yes Calculate Strain Yes Calculate Results At All Time Points Analysis Data Management Solver Files Directory F:ansyshallo_filesdp0SYS-1MECH Future Analysis None Scratch Solver Files Directory Save ANSYS db No Delete Unneeded Files Yes Nonlinear Solution No Solver Units Active System Solver Unit System mks TABLE 8 Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Rotations Object Name Rotational Velocity State Fully Defined Scope Geometry All Bodies Definition Define By Vector Magnitude 200. rad/s (ramped) Axis Defined Suppressed No Fig 5.2 : Graph showing rotational velocity TABLE 9 Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Loads Object Name Frictionless Support State Fully Defined Scope Scoping Method Geometry Selection Geometry 1 Face Definition Type Frictionless Support Suppressed No Solution (C6) TABLE 10 Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Solution Object Name Solution (C6) State Solved Adaptive Mesh Refinement Max Refinement Loops 1. Refinement Depth 2. TABLE 11 Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Solution (C6) > Solution Information Object Name Solution Information State Solved Solution Information Solution Output Solver Output Newton-Raphson Residuals 0 Update Interval 2.5 s Display Points All TABLE 12 Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Solution (C6) > Results Object Name Total Deformation Minimum Principal Elastic Strain Stress Intensity Middle Principal Stress Equivalent Stress State Solved Scope Scoping Method Geometry Selection Geometry All Bodies Definition Type Total Deformation Minimum Principal Elastic Strain Stress Intensity Middle Principal Stress Equivalent (von-Mises) Stress By Time Display Time Last Calculate Time History Yes Identifier Use Average Yes Results Minimum 8.5255e-009 m -8.1173e-006 m/m 5.3895e+005 Pa -4.8689e+005 Pa 5.3642e+005 Pa Maximum 7.9016e-007 m -8.1177e-007 m/m 3.0171e+006 Pa 1.2909e+006 Pa 2.7325e+006 Pa Information Time 1. s Load Step 1 Substep 1 Iteration Number 1 TABLE 13 Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Solution (C6) > Results Object Name Shear Stress Vector Principal Elastic Strain Strain Energy State Solved Scope Scoping Method Geometry Selection Geometry All Bodies Definition Type Shear Stress Vector Principal Elastic Strain Strain Energy Orientation XY Plane By Time Display Time Last Coordinate System Global Coordinate System Calculate Time History Yes Use Average Yes Identifier Results Minimum -3.4345e+005 Pa 5.6327e-007 J Maximum 3.4345e+005 Pa 1.1931e-005 J Information Time 1. s Load Step 1 Substep 1 Iteration Number 1 Material Data Structural Steel TABLE 14 Structural Steel > Constants Density 7850 kg m^-3 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 1.2e-005 C^-1 Specific Heat 434 J kg^-1 C^-1 Thermal Conductivity 60.5 W m^-1 C^-1 Resistivity 1.7e-007 ohm m TABLE 15 Structural Steel > Compressive Ultimate Strength Compressive Ultimate Strength Pa 0 TABLE 16 Structural Steel > Compressive Yield Strength Compressive Yield Strength Pa 2.5e+008 TABLE 17 Structural Steel > Tensile Yield Strength Tensile Yield Strength Pa 2.5e+008 TABLE 18 Structural Steel > Tensile Ultimate Strength Tensile Ultimate Strength Pa 4.6e+008 TABLE 19 Structural Steel > Alternating Stress Alternating Stress Pa Cycles Mean Stress Pa 3.999e+009 10 0 2.827e+009 20 0 1.896e+009 50 0 1.413e+009 100 0 1.069e+009 200 0 4.41e+008 2000 0 2.62e+008 10000 0 2.14e+008 20000 0 1.38e+008 1.e+005 0 1.14e+008 2.e+005 0 8.62e+007 1.e+006 0 TABLE 20 Structural Steel > Strain-Life Parameters Strength Coefficient Pa Strength Exponent Ductility Coefficient Ductility Exponent Cyclic Strength Coefficient Pa Cyclic Strain Hardening Exponent 9.2e+008 -0.106 0.213 -0.47 1.e+009 0.2 TABLE 21 Structural Steel > Relative Permeability Relative Permeability 10000 TABLE 22 Structural Steel > Isotropic Elasticity Temperature C Youngs Modulus Pa Poissons Ratio 2.e+011 0.3 Fig 5.3 : Middle Principal Stress Fig 5.3: Principal Stress Fig 5.4: Strain Energy Fig 5.5: Minimm Principal Elastic Strain Fig 5.6: Stress Intensity Fig 5.7: TOTAL Deformation Fig 5.8: VECTOR Principal Elastic Strain 5.2 THERMAL ANALYSIS Thermal Analysis is the heat developed in crank shaft. Units TABLE 1 Unit System Metric (m, kg, N, s, V, A) Degrees rad/s Celsius Angle Degrees Rotational Velocity rad/s Temperature Celsius Model (D4) Geometry TABLE 2 Model (D4) > Geometry Object Name Geometry State Fully Defined Definition Source C:UsersPATRICKDesktopPAPArollcageSUDEEPPart1.CATPart Type Catia5 Length Unit Millimeters Element Control Program Controlled Display Style Part Color Bounding Box Length X 2.e-002 m Length Y 0.20055 m Length Z 0.19999 m Properties Volume 6.2904e-004 m ³ Mass 4.938 kg Scale Factor Value 1. Statistics Bodies 1 Active Bodies 1 Nodes 3258 Elements 556 Mesh Metric None Preferences Import Solid Bodies Yes Import Surface Bodies Yes Import Line Bodies No Parameter Processing Yes Personal Parameter Key DS CAD Attribute Transfer No Named Selection Processing No Material Properties Transfer No CAD Associativity Yes Import Coordinate Systems No Reader Save Part File No Import Using Instances Yes Do Smart Update No Attach File Via Temp File Yes Temporary Directory C:UsersPATRICKAppDataLocalTemp Analysis Type 3-D Mixed Import Resolution None Enclosure and Symmetry Processing Yes TABLE 3 Model (D4) > Geometry > Parts Object Name Part 1 State Meshed Graphics Properties Visible Yes Transparency 1 Definition Suppressed No Stiffness Behavior Flexible Coordinate System Default Coordinate System Reference Temperature By Environment Material Assignment Structural Steel Nonlinear Effects Yes Thermal Strain Effects Yes Bounding Box Length X 2.e-002 m Length Y 0.20055 m Length Z 0.19999 m Properties Volume 6.2904e-004 m ³ Mass 4.938 kg Centroid X 1.e-002 m Centroid Y -1.9072e-004 m Centroid Z -1.9565e-004 m Moment of Inertia Ip1 2.4661e-002 kg ·m ² Moment of Inertia Ip2 1.2451e-002 kg ·m ² Moment of Inertia Ip3 1.2537e-002 kg ·m ² Statistics Nodes 3258 Elements 556 Mesh Metric None Coordinate Systems TABLE 4 Model (D4) > Coordinate Systems > Coordinate System Object Name Global Coordinate System State Fully Defined Definition Type Cartesian Ansys System Number 0. Origin Origin X 0. m Origin Y 0. m Origin Z 0. m Directional Vectors X Axis Data [ 1. 0. 0. ] Y Axis Data [ 0. 1. 0. ] Z Axis Data [ 0. 0. 1. ] Mesh TABLE 5 Model (D4) > Mesh Object Name Mesh State Solved Defaults Physics Preference Mechanical Relevance 0 Sizing Use Advanced Size Function Off Relevance Center Coarse Element Size Default Initial Size Seed Active Assembly Smoothing Medium Transition Fast Span Angle Center Coarse Minimum Edge Length 2.e-002 m Inflation Use Automatic Tet Inflation None Inflation Option Smooth Transition Transition Ratio 0.272 Maximum Layers 5 Growth Rate 1.2 Inflation Algorithm Pre View Advanced Options No Advanced Shape Checking Standard Mechanical Element Midside Nodes Program Controlled Straight Sided Elements No Number of Retries Default (4) Rigid Body Behavior Dimensionally Reduced Mesh Morphing Disabled Pinch Pinch Tolerance Please Define Generate on Refresh No Statistics Nodes 3258 Elements 556 Mesh Metric None Steady-State Thermal (D5) TABLE 6 Model (D4) > Analysis Object Name Steady-State Thermal (D5) State Solved Definition Physics Type Thermal Analysis Type Steady-State Solver Target ANSYS Mechanical Options Generate Input Only No TABLE 7 Model (D4) > Steady-State Thermal (D5) > Initial C

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LSD The use of drugs among Americans is rapidly rising. They can be bought and sold almost anywhere, from the streets to hallways of schools. A drug on the rapid rise from the 70's is LSD. Some people attribute this to the fact it is extremely inexpensive, $2-4 a hit, the wrong belief by users that it is a safer drug than marijuana because it isn't physically addicting. However, LSD is a hallucinogenic drug that is very dangerous, despite popular belief. LSD stands for Lysergic Acid Diethylamide. Lysergic acid is extracted from the fungus Ergot, and then left to crystallize until it is pure. It was first accidentally discovered by Albert Hoffman in 1938 in Switzerland, who was searching for possible therapeutic uses of Ergot. Hoffman continued his experiments, but never came in contact with the crystals until1943. (LSD can be absorbed through the skin.) Hoffman then sent LSD around the world to be tested and investigated to find medical uses. Lysergic acid deviates were found to relieve migraines and control postpartum hemorrhage because it causes veins to contract, but also caused gangrene of the limbs, and so further experimentation with the drug was abandoned. In the late 50's, however, LSD was used by the CIA as an interrogation drug for spies. However, it was proven to be unreliable and was later replaced with other interrogation drugs. LSD comes in the forms of crystals, liquids, tablets, gelatins, or blotting squares. The squares have designs on them such a flowers, dragons, shapes, animals, and cartoon characters to make them more attractive to young children. Often called acid, white lightning, stamps, microdot, and grateful dead, LSD is usually taken orally. There are 4 levels of experience an LSD user will go through. The first takes place within 45 minutes of ingestion. The user begins to feel enhanced senses. Colors are brighter, sounds are more distinct, and a user may feel dizzy. The second level is the plateau. Between hours one and three, the user will "see" sounds and "hear" objects. This experience of a mingling of the senses is called synethesva. Patterns within material such as sweaters and blankets appear. A user may see figures within smoke from incense, or spend extended periods of time examining lines on the palm of their hand. Clock time becomes distorted and slows almost to a stand still, whole minutes seem to pass like hours. Slight hallucinations may appear. The third stage from hours 4-7 is the climax. Colors are greatly magnified, while once familiar shapes distorted beyond recognition. The hallucinations become intense, and total unreal objects may appear.